- Inng'anjo yamafuta otentha, kusankha pampu kumakhudza mwachindunji kudalirika, kukhazikika ndi mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito dongosolo. Pampu imodzi ndi pampu iwiri (nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza "imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi ina yoyimilira" kapena mapangidwe ofanana) ali ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zawo. Zotsatirazi zikuwunika ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo kuchokera kumagulu angapo kuti mutha kusankha malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni:
1. Pampu imodzi (pampu imodzi yozungulira)
Ubwino:
1. Mapangidwe osavuta komanso ndalama zochepa zoyambira. Dongosolo la mpope limodzi silifuna mapampu owonjezera, ma valve owongolera ndi mabwalo osinthira. Mtengo wogula zida, kuyika mapaipi ndi dongosolo lowongolera zimachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira makamaka kwazing'onong'anjo zamafuta otenthakapena zochitika zokhala ndi bajeti zochepa.
2. Malo ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito komanso kukonza bwino. Mapangidwe a dongosolo ndi osakanikirana, kuchepetsa zofunikira za malo a chipinda chopopera kapena chipinda cha zipangizo; mpope umodzi wokha uyenera kuyang'aniridwa panthawi yokonza, ndi zochepa zochepa zosungirako komanso ntchito zosavuta zokonzekera, zomwe zimakhala zoyenera nthawi zokhala ndi zosungira zochepa.
3. Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zowonongeka (chinthu chochepa kwambiri) Ngati katundu wa dongosolo ali wokhazikika komanso wochepa, pampu imodzi imatha kufanana ndi mphamvu yoyenera kuti ipewe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonongeka pamene mapampu awiri akugwira ntchito (makamaka pansi pa zinthu zopanda katundu).
Zoyipa:
1. Kudalirika kochepa komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha nthawi yopuma. Kamodzi pampu limodzi kulephera (monga kutayikira makina chisindikizo, kubala kuwonongeka, galimoto zimamuchulukira, etc.), kutentha kutengerapo mafuta kufalitsidwa nthawi yomweyo anasokonekera, chifukwa kutenthedwa ndi carbonization wa kutentha kutengerapo mafuta mu ng'anjo, ndipo ngakhale zida kuwonongeka kapena ngozi ngozi, kwambiri zimakhudza mosalekeza kupanga.
2. Kulephera kusinthasintha kusinthasintha kusinthasintha. Pamene kutentha kwa dongosolo kumawonjezeka mwadzidzidzi (monga zipangizo zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kumayambira nthawi imodzi), kuyenda ndi kupanikizika kwa pampu imodzi sikungagwirizane ndi zofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuchedwe kapena kusakhazikika.
3. Kusamalira kumafuna kutseka, kukhudza kupanga. Pampu imodzi ikasungidwa kapena kusinthidwa, njira yonse yamafuta otengera kutentha iyenera kuyimitsidwa. Kwa maora 24 omwe amapangidwa mosalekeza (monga kukonza mankhwala ndi chakudya), kutayika kwa nthawi yopuma kumakhala kwakukulu.
- 2. Pampu yapawiri ("imodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ina yoyimilira" kapena mapangidwe ofanana)Ubwino:
1. Kudalirika kwakukulu, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikupitirirabe
◦ Imodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ina yoyimilira: Pampu yogwiritsira ntchito ikalephera, mpope woyimilira ukhoza kuyambika nthawi yomweyo pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chosinthira (monga kulumikiza sensa ya pressure) kupeŵa kuzimitsa makina. Ndizoyenera zochitika zomwe zimafunikira kupitilizabe (monga petrochemical ndi mizere yopanga mankhwala).
◦ Parallel operation mode: Chiwerengero cha mapampu omwe amatha kutembenuzidwa akhoza kusinthidwa molingana ndi katundu (monga 1 pampu pamtunda wochepa ndi mapampu a 2 pamtunda waukulu), ndipo kufunikira koyenda kungagwirizane bwino kuti zitsimikizire kutentha kokhazikika.
1. Kukonzekera bwino ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yochepetsera Pampu yoyimilira ikhoza kuyang'aniridwa kapena kusungidwa mumayendedwe othamanga popanda kusokoneza dongosolo; ngakhale pampu yothamanga ikalephera, nthawi zambiri imatenga masekondi pang'ono mpaka mphindi zochepa kuti musinthe papampu yoyimilira, yomwe imachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa kupanga.
2. Kusinthana ndi zochitika zolemetsa komanso kusinthasintha Pamene mapampu awiriwa akugwirizanitsidwa mofanana, kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumakhala kawiri papopo imodzi, yomwe imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zazikulu.ng'anjo zamafuta otenthakapena machitidwe omwe ali ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa kutentha (monga kusinthasintha kwa kutentha m'njira zingapo), kupewa kuchepa kwa kutentha kwabwino chifukwa cha kusayenda kokwanira.
3. Wonjezerani moyo wautumiki wa mpope Njira imodzi yokha-yoyimilira imatha kupanga mapampu awiriwo kuvala mofanana pozungulira mapampu nthawi zonse (monga kusintha kamodzi pa sabata), kuchepetsa kutopa kwa pampu imodzi panthawi yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yosamalira.
- Zoyipa:
1. Ndalama zoyamba zoyamba zimafuna kugula pampu yowonjezera, mapaipi othandizira, ma valve (monga ma check valves, switching valves), makabati olamulira ndi machitidwe osinthika. Mtengo wonse ndi 30% ~ 50% kuposa wapampu imodzi, makamaka pamakina ang'onoang'ono.
2. Kuvuta kwa dongosolo lapamwamba, kuwonjezeka kwa kuika ndi kukonza ndalama. Dongosolo la mapaipi apawiri limafunikira masanjidwe ovuta kwambiri a mapaipi (monga kapangidwe ka mapaipi ofananira), omwe atha kuwonjezera kutayikira; mfundo zowongolera (monga zosintha zokha, chitetezo chochulukirachulukira) ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe a mapampu onsewa akuyenera kuyang'aniridwa panthawi yokonza, ndipo mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zosinthira kumawonjezeka.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kungakhale kwapamwamba (zikhalidwe zina zogwirira ntchito). Ngati dongosololi likuyenda pamtunda wochepa kwa nthawi yayitali, kutsegula panthawi imodzi ya mapampu awiriwa kungayambitse "mahatchi akuluakulu amakoka ngolo zazing'ono", mphamvu ya mpope imachepa, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndipamwamba kuposa pampu imodzi; pa nthawiyi, m'pofunika kukhathamiritsa kudzera pafupipafupi kutembenuka kuwongolera kapena ntchito pampu imodzi, koma kuonjezera ndalama zina.
4. Malo aakulu omwe amafunikira amafunikira malo oyikapo mapampu awiri kuti asungidwe, ndipo zofunikira za malo a chipinda cha mpope kapena chipinda cha zipangizo zowonjezera, zomwe sizingakhale zaubwenzi ndi zochitika zokhala ndi malo ochepa (monga ntchito zokonzanso).
3. Malingaliro osankha: Chisankho chotengera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito
Zochitika zomwe pampu imodzi imakondedwa:
• Yaing'onong'anjo yamafuta otentha(monga mphamvu yotenthetsera <500kW), kutentha kosasunthika komanso kupanga kosapitilira (mwachitsanzo zida zotenthetsera zomwe zimayamba ndikuyima kamodzi patsiku).
• Zochitika zomwe zofunikira zodalirika sizikhala zazikulu, kuzimitsa kwakanthawi kochepa kokonzetsera ndikololedwa, ndipo zotayika zozimitsa zimakhala zazing'ono (mwachitsanzo zida za labotale, zida zazing'ono zotenthetsera).
• Bajeti yocheperako, ndipo makinawa ali ndi njira zosunga zobwezeretsera (monga pampu yosunga zobwezeretsera yakunja).
Zochitika zomwe mapampu apawiri amakondedwa:
• Chachikulung'anjo yamafuta otentha(mphamvu zotentha ≥1000kW), kapena mizere yopangira yomwe imayenera kuyenda mosalekeza kwa maola 24 (mwachitsanzo ma reactors amankhwala, mizere yophikira chakudya).
• Zochitika zomwe kuwongolera kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha chifukwa cha kulephera kwa pampu sikuloledwa (monga mankhwala abwino, kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala).
• Makina okhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwamayendedwe pafupipafupi (monga zida zingapo zogwiritsa ntchito kutentha zimayambika mosinthana).
• Zochitika zomwe kukonza kumakhala kovuta kapena kutaya kutayika kumakhala kwakukulu (monga zipangizo zakutali, nsanja za m'mphepete mwa nyanja), kusintha kwachangu kungathe kuchepetsa kuchitapo kanthu pamanja.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za mankhwala athu, chondeLumikizanani nafe!
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-06-2025
